How To: Explain Why

• Lesson Objective: Apply phonological knowledge to support orthographic mapping

• Grouping:  Small-group

• Methodology: Students examine a curated word list to identify consistent spelling patterns and provide rationale for each word’s orthography.

• Duration: 15-20 minutes

  
  

Spelling does make sense!

I love this lesson because it proves that the English language is logical—and it does make sense! Take that, math people! Sure, there’s an abundance of rules, but there’s also consistency. Unfortunately, most Americans were never properly taught the science of reading (if at all), so the structure of our language remains a mystery to many.

One of my APs once walked in during this lesson and was genuinely blown away. As a former ELL student, he shared that he would have benefited from this kind of instruction when he was learning English.

🖍 How the Routine Works

Sample "Explain Why"

First, while working in small groups, we review the targeted phonological pattern or spelling rule. Next, students examine a curated word list to identify consistent spelling patterns and provide rationale for each word’s orthography.

Often I'll provide cloze sentences for the first few words and we'll process those together. For the remainder, students can use the list of justifications found in the header.

As is typical for small-group instruction, I gradually release responsibility by pulling back on the scaffolding. Students work at a self-paced rhythm while I circulate to provide feedback. I ensure relevant anchor charts are posted visibly and keep extra copies on the table for easy reference.

Check out the Interactive Unit Guides to see how this lesson fits within each unit. There, you’ll find links to the unit-specific Explain Why lessons.